The face perception mechanisms of the brain, such as the fusiform face area, can produce facial pareidolias such as this famous rock formation on Mars Biological databases may be used to aggregate and discover associations between facial phenotypes and genes. A 2021 study found that a version of a gene associated with lip thickness – possibly selected for due to adaption to cold climate via fat distribution – introgressed from ancient humans – Denisovans – into the modern humans Native Americans. Studies have identified genes and gene regions determining face shape and facial features.
Genes are a major factor in the particular appearance of a person's face with the high similarity of faces of identical twins indicating that most of facial variability is determined genetically. įacial shape – such as facial symmetry – is an important determinant of beauty. While the buccal fat-pads often diminish in size, the prominence of bones increase with age as they grow and develop. The face changes over time, and features common in children or babies, such as prominent buccal fat-pads disappear over time, their role in the infant being to stabilize the cheeks during suckling. Also important are various soft tissues, such as fat, hair and skin (of which color may vary). The bones involved in shaping the face are mainly the maxilla, mandible, nasal bone and zygomatic bone. The shape of the face is influenced by the bone-structure of the skull, and each face is unique through the anatomical variation present in the bones of the viscerocranium (and neurocranium). The pattern of specific organs, such as the eyes, or of parts of them, is used in biometric identification to uniquely identify individuals. Specialized regions of the human brain, such as the fusiform face area (FFA), enable facial recognition when these are damaged, it may be impossible to recognize faces even of intimate family members. The face is the feature which best distinguishes a person. The face is itself a highly sensitive region of the human body and its expression may change when the brain is stimulated by any of the many human senses, such as touch, temperature, smell, taste, hearing, movement, hunger, or visual stimuli. Facial muscles in humans allow expression of emotions. The mouth, with the upper lip divided by the philtrum, sometimes revealing the teethįacial appearance is vital for human recognition and communication.
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